Steam generator



Aug. 19, 1943. BAILEY ET A 2,326,513

STEAM GENERATOR Filed Aug. 2, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 Fig, I

INVENTORS Ari/n12" E. Raynor 'BY Era/m Gfiaz'ley' WAiiomey Aug. 10, 1943. E. G. BAILEY ET AL STEAM GENERATOR Filed Aug. 2, 1941 5Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENTORJ- Arthur ERczynor fin/in G Bai/ey Aiiorney Aug. 10,1943. E. G. BAILEY ET AL 2,326,513

STEAM GENERATOR I Filed Aug. 2, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 Fig. 4

IN VENTORS A rZ/zur 15 Ray/702" BY 5 Erw'n G Bari/ey- 4fWA iiorney Aug. 10, 1943. E. G.,BA1LEY ET AL 2,326,513

'STEAM GENERATOR Filed Aug; 2, 1941 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Fig. 5

INVENTORJI A ri/wr E Ray/20F BY Z Era/177 G Bai/ey Azfiorneg Patented Aug. 1c, 1943 nor, Rockville Centre, N.' Y.,

' 2,326,513 sT'jE oENERAToa v Ervin G. Bailey, Easton, Pat,

and Arthur E. Ray- 1 assignor to .-The

'Babcock & Wilcox Company,gNewark, N. J., a corporation of New Jersey 7 Application August 2, 1941,--Seri al No. 4Q5,1824' 1c Claims. (01.122-336)" i The present invention relates to the construction and operation of vapor generating units, and particularly to water tube steam generators of the integral furnace type.

The main object of ourinvention is the pro vision of a water tube steam generator of the integral furnace ty e which is particularly characterized byits high steam generating capacity in relation to the space occupied.- A further object is the provision or" a steam'generator of the character described which is particularlyadapted and especially designed for burning pulverized slag-forming fuels having a low. ash fusion temperature at relatively high rates of heat release without danger of fouling the steam generating and superheating surface. 9

The various features of novelty which characterize our invention are pointed'out with'par ticularity in the claims annexed to and forming a part of this specification. For a better understanding of the invention, its operating advan-v tages and specific objects attained by its' use, referenceshould be had to the accompanying drawings and descriptive matter inwhich we have illustrated and described a preferred embodiment of our invention: p l Of the drawings: I V r Fig." 1 is a sectional elevation of a preferred form of steam generating unit embodyingthe invention, taken on the line l'! of Fig. 3; r

Fig. 2 is a view similar line 2-2 of Figs. 3 and Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken'onth'e line 3-3 ofFig. l; I Fig. 4 is a transverse-section taken on the line 44ofFig.1;and q Fig. 5 is a view similar to Fig. 4 taken on the line 51-5 of Fig. l. r

to Fig. 1 taken on the V of the baffle 22; 7 h v eratingitubes across the entranceen'd" of the gas The steam generating unit illustrated in the drawings has a setting defined by walls'including a front wall ID, a rear wall H, side walls 1 2' and I3, and a roof ting of substantially tion. The rear half of the setting is occupied by a convection heated boiler section of the gen eral character shown in the prior patent of ap: plicant Bailey et al. No. 1,999,984. In the present construction however, a horizontally arranged upper steam and water drum [5 has its longitudinal axis in verticalalignment withthea'xis ofa horizontally arranged lowerwater drum IS; a vertical bank of steam generating tubes I1 I4 arranged to define a sete square horizontal cross-secl radiationin the furnace sectiomthis ing formed by -partitions incorporating steam generating tubes andiarranged -toiofm 'af'pair of substantially unobstructednarrowelongated ll serially" cOnmeeting a main furnace'chambertz and the e'n-* gas passes' ia and 4! arewater cooled by being connected into the drums at opposite sides 1 of the longitudinal center lines'thereof. The setting 'space occupied bythe "convection heated boiler section is divided into a pluralityof serially connected gas passes 1i 9, 2il, and'2 l =-by vertically arranged transverse baflles 22gahdl23ypositioned as shownin Fig; 3 ,rela'tive to a water cooled partition 24 which extends longitudinally of the setting from thewall l3 to the inner-end .Ihe inner. rows of steam genpass l9 arewidely spaced to form atube screen 25 across theentrance.

'I'hemain portion er 29, and steam outlet header 30, asshownjin Fig. 1. 'A baflleel'extencls upwardly and rear,- wardly from the drum lfia'crossi thesuperheaterheaders to the rear walll I; Arow of steam sup ply tubes SZ eXtending along the rear wall H connects thedrumglS to the superheaterinlet I header 23. The, rear wall, is further protected by a row of water tubes 33 connecting the drums 7 l5 and "I 6. "The 'gasipass 2] opens at itsupper rear side into a gas outlet duct 35. Th portions of 'the tubes 33 I 35 are bent so as to correspondingly increasethe eflective gas flow area thereacross; The boiler' section described thus contains a relatively large N amountof 'convectionheatedsteam and superheatingsurface compactly arranged in c the rear half: of thef'settin Withthet'u'bes and -pafiie relatively arranged to formgas"turning"- spaces minimizing the gas pressuredrop through this section. The relative arrangementiof the" drums and the tubes connected-thereto also 'rfa' cilitatesjtlie bottom support of this entire section 'on supporting cradles 3lfbelow the drum. [6,

The remaining portion of the setting is :occu

pied by furnace section laterally adjoining the convection heated boiler section. The steam generating capacity of "the.unitis'substantially creased by the"incorporationpfa-large amount of steam generating surface heated mainly, by

suriac'efbe parallel gas flow passes fiitand trance end the gas passlfiQFU-rll oi the-wall defining thesides of the finnace charnberfii ana"- w-s I N of the gas pass IS'is occupied; by groups of "small 'diameter 'inverted "U-' r shaped-steam superheating tubes Zlucohnected;

to a steam inlet header 2B, anintermediateheade' extending across-theduct -generating f wand discharging;

frornthe header 'theiopen pass 4i;

of the drum [5. The water cooled wall provisienscomprise a. supply header 53 below the furnace chamber and receiving its Water supply from I the water space of the'upper drum through external downcomer pipes 5| at oppositesides of the unit. A row of 'tubes'52 extends upwardly furnace*chainbrfhild:upwardlyalong the front wall ahd 'stepped roof l4. =The-constru'ctioi'i illustrated is especially designed for the burning of-a pulverized slag-forming fuel having a 16w. ash fusion temperature, the floor of the chamber 42 being formed by blocks and refractory cover 59 along the floor 53 of the main ing the corresponding portions "of the-tubes 52 to form a closed furnace chamber bottom adapt ed to receive and support a layer of molten'slag thereon. The side wall portions of the furnace chamber 42 and open passes lfl and El are oooled by a row of tubes 55 extending between top and bottom headers 56 and ,5! respectively-each header $1 being connected tdthe supply header 50 3; supply-- 5i es5s; and each eader 53 bein nnectee tbiari intermediate 'porti'bnT'o'fl t e drum Iii-by risr tul 3es"-5 9I The headers r'e alsocohnectedto the lower drum 1 5 by pipes 54} As' 'slio 'wr'f'i'ri 'Ei I Sfthe upper "ends or the tubes 7 ctedtb' headers" ta je't a "higher aeration than the headers: 55,; and similarly connected f r the uppe'fdrum. Q

As shown in Eigs. 1 2 and 4, a considerable portion of the furnace chamber roof isjbroken awaits fdlm'a seric s df b ufhf ports 5%, through winery prilve'rizedrue i maybe 'introducddown thefilrnace'chamber 42. The'burner "we e 7 ports are arranged side by-side and neare to Bastion airu suppnea to the burner ports through independently controllalzile j sections of an *airs ppry cnamterfi'or 'mna box 52, extending u 7 ever me bnrner' p'orts. Pulverized fuel burners .eey'prfereramy "er the'fmul'tiple' tuner t pe; are arranged tddischar ge downwardly against the tie sfeicte'ndihg across the 'Ifhe partit an eastern a ro r p rt1? studded times etjfaedrefrac ry, the tubes b co'n'nc'tedf otrre eader s af and the a The app i'itei'i'riediat ""ortion of thejp'a aidngt ence-W111i; tio'ally mange gas" fflow "connection between the" open asses and 4!. The portionsofthe tubes '65 across the opening 6 8 are bent into alignment, as shown in therethroughiand: return spaced slag collecting surfaces at 'the entrance tothe open pass 63.;

Thefbottomof'theopn pass to is formed by a relatively deep ash pit 69vfrom which'the collctjd res'mu'e canlbe removed in any suitable mari e The partition also forms therear wallot 1,5 '1 cooled by a row or Water upwardly froin' the header E8 r i were a.

deniiih 'itne'sid s of the open asses are cohagar-teen tha terse drum 1 i ted opening:sgfprovidingit ma the front wall of which .is' ,f ormed by-a depending watercooledparti tion i V The-partition tubes 15 extending Vat'the front'side of thetubes 65.: The major portion of thftube'row 'lfihave their lower portions bare and bent I to form the partition 15.

them 7 N gni edn any, suitable shown in Figs. 1 and 5, across thebottom of the open pass 4i, forming a tube screen across the bottom of the open pass. The staggered portions of the tubes '16 are again brought into alignment at the upper forward end of the tube screen, and provided with metallic studs and refractory The partition 15 921- teriidfl'sthe energlengthdf: fvertica'lly elongated sla'g outlet pem'ngao partition 65 at the 'fioor level of the furnace chamber, the corresponding portions of the tubes 146 and 68 being bent around the opening to pro I v'i'dda'water cooled perimetertherefor. The vertica'l portions of'the'tubes 16 immediately above menegmeyei o fthe furnace chamber are provld ed and refractory to thicken the lower -pait'of the partition 55, particularly the nas e eurreueslie and above the l p nmg "'Inthe operation of the steam generator deeen a e 1 rebates ee nt uuce "Wit t 31 g of tree-errand tiife ab er? e regattassleet weake eerenet t ime? r at e. ete e ee melee a r are i me ee eetrre 9i e 9? t e the pitfiifig V i eeieeel ee tre m 2?; an an gaseous t? Qt we -nether erns .REYAZW li e h met e flo t Q qfambesiier 31s the. qieqharee t: he rom m n. 'E te txeamr h n mares .5 eel eelinea nPeeQ Qe Jnto-the a -he unnlsieentary mixtr e sa' ee ele mhestign ide. the etter. Hart Qt haqnen .sleegsleee .....;ther,ein qmamed gases tends to downwardly tassel therein by the I on the water cooled walls of;-t} ;gj.,; cnamhegto t e; urnace sl eze erl loqn A t: at hese eu a rejzluszts..ot iebl etienmust thenrflowi w y d lee ilur e lr n ee open. hassle! oi he o t et; 5% hrou h which; hey enter the second open pass fill ang flogy snhstantialm orizon all alone he en th; v heme: actile entrance'end of the convection pas s lgl, The

erizpn al, easfbue maths sntinued; thrgugh he passes I9, 20 and}! and upwardly'inTth pa ;.-Zhtoi t e a ou let duct. 35." Duei tog-the complete'water cooling of the furnacelhaihbeii ing the gaspass and open passes I4 I. and HLtheHtemperatur bf the: iga'seo'us. .pro'clucts 'df combustion is rapidly reduced ma'inly by radiation to the Bur-founding steam generating surface, and: the gases Enter 9 1 t ees v a .1 a

formed in the along virtually all of thewatercooled surface without any short-circuiting." l The combinationof an entirely water cooled furnace-chamber and plurality of serially connected water cooled open passes with a convection heated boiler section of the character described provides a maximum of steam generating surface. in a min= mum of space, ,andpermits'the installation of asteam generating unit of large capacity per unit of space occupied, While' burning a slagranged to-define-a gas inletatfonly one end of Y forming fuel at high ratesof heat release without danger of fouling the steam generating and superheating surface. vI 1 g i V While in accordance with the provisions-of the statutes we'have illustrated and described herein the best form of the invention nowknown to us, those skilled in the-alt will understand that 7 changes maybe madein the form of the apparatus disclosed withoutjdeparting from the spirit of the invention covered by-the claims, and that stantially horizontal'gas flow therethrough, the

generating the bottomof the'adjoining' ope'npass substan-'- tially throughout-itsflength; I the open pass adjoining said tube bank space being constructed fora substantially horizontal gas -flow therethrough-andmeansfor burning fuel in-said furnace chamber. 1

4. A steam generator comprising a setting includinga verticallydisposed bank of generating tubes along one-side thereof, baffle means arthespace containing said tubebank; a plurality of vertically --'disposed laterally spaced fluid cooled partitions arranged to divide the remaining part'of the setting into a furnace chamber I and'a plurality -of serially connected vertical open passesconnecting said furnace chamber tosaid' tube bank space, and means forburning- T fuel in said furnace chamben'said furnacechamopen pass adjoining'said tube bank space recei'ving heating gases mainly at itsend opposite the 7 gas pass at one end of said space opening to the remaining part of saidsetting, a plurality of vertically disposed laterally spaced fluid cooled partitions arranged to divide said'remaining part of the setting into a furnace chamberand a plurality of serially connected vertical open passes connecting said furnace chamber to said&

her opening to the bottom of the adjoining open pass substantially throughout its length, and the connection thereof to'said tube bank space.

5} A-steam 'generatorcomprising a setting in-f eluding "a vertically disposedbank of generating I tubes along one sidethereof, baffle means dividing the'sp'aceoccupled by said tube bank into alplu rality' of serially connected passesfor a substan tially horizontal gas-flowtherethrough, the gaspass-at one end of saidspaceopening tolthe remaining part of saidsetting, a plurality of vertically disposed laterally spaced fluid cooled. partitions arranged 'todivide said remaining part of the gas pass mainly at one end of said tube bank space, said open passesbeing connected to said furnace chamber and each other so asto pro vide a'diagonally upward gas flow in one openpass and a substantially horizontal gas flowin a second open pass, and means for burning fuel in said furnace chamberq 2. A steam generator-comprising a setting including a vertically disposed bank of generating tubes along one side thereof, bafiie means dividing the space occupied by saidtube bank into a plurality of serially connected passes for a substantially horizontal gas flow therethrough, the

gas pass at one end'of said space opening to the v remaining part of said setting, a plurality of vertically disposed laterally spaced fluid cooled partitions arranged to divide said remaining part of the setting into a furnace chamber and a plurality of serially connected vertical open passes connecting said furnace chamber to said gas pass mainly at one end of said tube bank space, said furnace chamber opening togthe bottom of the adjoining open pass substantially throughout its length, the open pass adjoining said tube bank space being constructed for a substantially horizontal gas flow therethrough, and means for burning fuel in suspension in said furnace chamber. v

3. A steam generator comprising a setting including a vertically disposed bank of generating, tubes along one side thereof, a plurality of vertically disposed laterally spaced fluid cooled partitions arranged to divide the remaining part of the setting into a furnace chamber and a plurality of serially connected vertical open passes connecting said furnace chamber to said tube setting into "a'furnace chamber anda plurality V of seriallyconnected! verticalopen passes con- U nectingsaid furnace chamber to said gas pass at one'end of said tube bank space, means for burning fuel in said-furnace chamber, said fur.

nace chamber openingto'the bottom of tnead joining open pass substantially throughout its length, and the op end opposite the connection bankgas-pasd 5 "6. A steam generator comprising a setting in .cluding a verticallydisposed bank of generating tubes along. one ,side thereof, means arranged to occupied by said tube bank, a plurality of vertically disposed laterally spaced fluidcooled par-' titions arranged to divide the remaining part of the setting into a furnace chamber and apair of serially connected vertical open passes connecting said furnace chamber to said tuberbank space, means for downwardly introducing and burning fuel in suspension in said furnace chamber, said furnace chamber opening to thebottom of the adjoining open pass substantially throughout its length, and the other open pass being arranged to receive heating gases'mainly at its end opposite the connection thereof to;

providing a substansaid tube bank. space'and V tially horizontal gas flow therethrough.

7. A steam generator comprising'a setting including'a vertically disposed bank of generating.

tubes along one side. thereof, means arranged to provide a gas flow/longitudinally of the space occupied by said tube bank, a plurality of vertically disposed laterally spaced fluid cooled par titions arranged to divide theremaining part bank space, 'sai d furnace chamber "opening to 7 en pass adjoining said tube bank space? receiving heatinggases only at its thereof to said tube provide a gas flow longitudinally of the space i of the setting into a furnace chamber and a pair- J'of seriallyconnected vertical open passes con-1 necting said furnace chamber to said'tube bank anacm'mnsior introdaeina and burnmg a. slaliorimng fuel; in suspension in, said furnace chem;- beir, furnace chamber opening to m the adjoining open pass. a closed slag-receiving floor for said immcerclnmber, a. slag-disoharge opening in one of said partitions at the level of said furnace chamberfioor, [slag pit below the other men pass and, arm to resewed-ms from said slag dischaxgeop'enim, and

n zr mnpass beims ma i naive.

, imiin 5mm 1m chamber, said chamber opening to the bottcimoi the openpassmmlian mmignout its length; a m slag-receiving floor for said, furs name chamber, aa slna discharge opening in one i at saidrpattitions; level oi said furnace "chamber floor,:-a:;slag piiphelow the, other open receive sla slag W openint, and saidotheropen pus being armed tomeceive heating ases mainly atih end opms'zte the connection thereof to said:

heating gases atits end V neetion thereof to said tube bank space and pro-- siding a substantially horizomsl gas flow theree i-m shi 1 r 8. A stem-m generator commrising a settingineluding a vertical-Ly bank of generating tubes along one sidethereofi, means to providea. gas flow longitudinally of the space call'ydisposed laterally spaced fluid cool-ed Dar-1 titions arranged to divide tire-remaining part of 'thesetising into a iurmeeshamberand a pair o1; serially oonneoted vertical open possessor? necting'said furnace chamber to said tube bank-f space, means for downwardly introducing and burning a slag-forming iuelin suspension insaid. iii-mace chamber, sm'd furnace chamber. opening; to the bottom of the adjoiningopen. pass substantially throughout its length, a slag-reeeisiiiigv floor for said furnaces oha mbe'n, and said other ooeupied by said tube bank ei plurality oi genie tube bank. would. providing; a substantially menial; usfiow therethroushi, V V V l 10. A steam generator comprising a. settinflinekidme a fiumace chamber and a, convention section spoeedlsterally from the furnace chamber, i a vertmzllydisposed substantially mobstructed 'cmectinz' possognhovin'git: opposite ends conmixed to: said furnace chamber and convection section respectively, means for burning finely divided solid fiuelinsusbension in said furnace chamber at a normad meamtemperatme therein openbeingconstmilctedv to receive I gases only at its end opposite: the eormeetion thereof to said tube bani; and providing a substantially horizontal gas: flow thenethro igln 9; A steam generator comprising a setting in eluding 'avertically disposed bank-of. generating-v "tubes along one side thereof, means arranged. to

passage adjoining said convection; section beingaonstru'cteol ior a substantially horizontal gas 7 flow therethrougli into one end of. said convection in section; an; ash. slaareceiving. space beneath the connecting passage. andasslag flow opening through theywal-l said-imme se. chamber to aboverthe fiuel sshhinsion: temperature, sfsub' stantially closed floor forming thehot-tom. of said chamber to receive and support slag in molten condition,. an upper steam and water drum, a lower. water drum; hesitsbsorbingsurface for the walls of the fumace qehamber 8I2d th8 WaBS Of- 'ssidapaslsage consisting oi water-tubes connected:

obit-heir upper endsstu the steam and: water drumam'anged. to reeeive'water from: the water spoee of said: d-runi vat their lower ends, said convest-ion section including a: vertically disposedof-: steam generating-1 tubes extending between; connected toe said: drums along the length tiieneei, the portion o-fisaid connecting saidispscel' I V VIN G. Balms; 

